ALC 29
Lesson 1
Review of Causatives
1. Make / Made
㹡óշ������÷����úҧ���ҧ������բ�����
�����ٻ����¤�ѧ���
�make someone do
something�
�make + ����з�
+ ����Ҫ�ͧ��� 1 (infinitive)�
Examples:
1. The customs officers made Mary open her suitcase.
2.
The film was very sad. It made
me cry.
2. Have / Had
㹡óշ��������繼���з�
(�ҧ�����Ҩ���Ѻ��ҵͺ᷹) �����ٻ����¤�ѧ���
�Have someone do
something�
�have + ����з�
+ ����Ҫ�ͧ��� 1 (infinitive)�
Examples:
1. Tim had a tailor make him a suit.
2.
I have Dang paint
my house every two years.
3. Get / Got
��óշ��͡�������á�з� ����� get / got ᷹ have / had �е�ͧ��
to ��˹�ҡ���Ҫ�ͧ��� 1 (����� have ����ͧ��
to)
Examples:
1. Tim got a tailor to make him a suit.
2. I get Dang to paint my house every two years.
4. Passive causatives
����� have ��� get �Ҩ������դ����������
�Ѵ����ա�á�з� �Ѵ����Դ��� ���ٻ����¤�ѧ���
�have / get + ��觷��١��з� + ����Ҫ�ͧ��� 3 (��觡�зӵ����觹��)�
��������¤�ѡɳй��
��ҷ�Һ��� ����ö١��зӔ �� �����Һ������繼���зӔ
Examples:
1. He had the roof repaired yesterday.
2.
You ought to get your
watch repaired.
3.
How often do you have your
car serviced?
4. I must get my hair cut.
Exercise:
Change each sentence from active to
passive using �have� or �get�
1. I have Dave wash my car every week.
��������������������������...
2. I got Ann to take my photograph yesterday.
���������������������������
3. I got the tailor to fix my suit.
��������������������
4. Thomas gets his friend to cut his hair.
���������������������������..
5. Tim has Dang polish his shoes every morning.
�����������������������������
Answer Key
Change each sentence from active to
passive using �have� or �get�
6. I have Dave wash my car every week.
I have my car washed every week.
7. I got Ann to take my photograph yesterday.
I got my photograph taken yesterday.
8. I got the tailor to fix my suit.
I got my suit fixed.
9. Thomas gets his friend to cut his hair.
Thomas gets his hair cut.
10. Tim has Dang polish his shoes every morning.
Tim has his shoes polished every morning.
Time expressions
Adverb of time (�͡����) ���
�ӷ������¤ӡ�������ͺ͡��ҡ�á�зӹ���Դ���������� (When) �Դ�ҹ���˹ (How long) �����Դ�������˹ (How
often) ����ö��ṡ����ѡɳС������ 3 ������ ���
1. ���¤ӡ�������ͺ͡���ҡ�зӷ����͹ (When) ����
Now yesterday in
the morning
then tomorrow on
Saturday
again last
week at
night
just Monday
evening three
weeks ago
recently next
year the
day after tomorrow
Examples:
1. I will do the work tomorrow.
2.
She went to Korea last week.
2. ���¤ӡ�������ͺ͡��ǧ�����������Ф�����Ǣͧ���� (How long) ���բ�;֧�ѧࡵ����ٻ����¤���͡�������ҡ�зӵ����ʹյ�֧�Ѩ�غѹ��������ٻ
Present perfect tense
Examples:
1. He has been here for three days.
2.
He has been here since last
month.
3. ���¤ӡ�������ͺ͡������зӡ�ù�鹺������˹ (How often) ����
Definite frequency Indefinite
frequency
daily always
weekly sometimes
every day frequently
every weekend often
once a year usually
twice a year never
Examples:
1. The buses ran every hour.
2. We usually have breakfast at seven.
Exercise:
Read the sentences with time expressions
then ask a question with �When� �How long� or �How often�
1. ?
He has been ill since the end of April.
2. ?
The teacher never gives tests.
3. ?
I have been studying French for 2 weeks.
4. ?
They arrived in Arizona last week.
5. ?
I visit my parents twice a month.
Answer Key
Read the sentences with time expressions
then ask a question with �When� �How long� or �How often�
1. How long has he been ill?
He has been ill since the end of April.
2. How often does the teacher give tests?
The teacher never gives tests.
3. How long have you been studying French?
I have been studying French for 2 weeks.
4. When did they arrive in Arizona?
They arrived in Arizona last week.
5. How often do you visit your parents?
I visit my parents twice a month.
Verb
suffixes
�Ѩ��� (suffix)
���������¤����ͷ����ӹ��� �繤ӡ���� ����
�Ѩ��� (suffix)
�en���ͷ��¤ӹ����ФӤس�Ѿ�� ���ͷ�����繤ӡ����
����͵�ͷ��¤Ӥس�Ѿ���դ����������
������դس���ѵ����ҧ adjective ���
��
wide widen �������ҧ ������������
bright brighten ��������ҧʴ��
sharp sharpen �����������
fast fasten �����Դ��
����͵�ͷ��¤ӹ�� �դ����������
strength strengthen ����������
length lengthen �������Ǣ��
Examples:
1. Could you shorten the sleeves on this jacket?
2. They�re widening the road here.
�Ѩ��� (suffix) �fy��� �ify���ͷ��¤ӹ����ФӤس�Ѿ��
���ͷ�����繤ӡ���� �դ���������� ��������蹹�� ��
beauty beautify ������Դ�������
pure purify ��������ط���
class classify ������繪�� (��ṡ���)
solid solidify ������繢ͧ��
clear clarify �����Ѵਹ
Examples:
1. The students asked the teacher to simplify the difficult
questions.
2. If we let the mixture cool, it will solidify.
�Ѩ��� (suffix)
�ize���ͷ��¤ӹ����ФӤس�Ѿ�� ���ͷ�����繤ӡ����
����͵�ͷ��¤ӹ�� �դ����������
���������Ҿ����͹�ӹ����� ��
vapor vaporize ��������͹��
visual visualize ���������Ҿ
harmony harmonize ���������׹
hospital hospitalize ������ѡ����ç��Һ��
����͵�ͷ��¤Ӥس�Ѿ�� �դ����������
������դس���ѵ����ҧ�� adjective ��� ��
commercial commercialize ������ա�ä�Ң��
modern modernize ������դ����ѹ����
Examples:
1. The students were expected to familiarize themselves with
the new rules.
2. It is hard to visualize how the project will be like.
Exercise:
Use the verb form of these nouns and
adjectives to complete the sentences. Add �en, -fy, -ify or �ize to the word to
make a verb.
1. The weather�s beginning to (bright) �������.. up.
2.
Before you start doing the
project, (category) �������. the topics.
3.
The sleeves on this jacket are
short. Have the tailor (length) ��������them.
4.
I didn�t understand this
article, so I asked the teacher to (clear) �����..the main points.
5. I need to (tight) �����.. this screw, but I don�t have a
screwdriver.
Answer Key
Use the verb form of these nouns and
adjectives to complete the sentences. Add �en, -fy, -ify or �ize to the word to
make a verb.
1. The weather�s beginning to (bright) brighten up.
2.
Before you start doing the
project, (category) categorize the topics.
3.
The sleeves on this jacket are
short. Have the tailor (length) lengthen them.
4.
I didn�t understand this
article, so I asked the teacher to (clear) clarify the main
points.
5. I need to (tight) tighten this screw, but I don�t
have a screwdriver.
Vocabulary
flaw
(n) ��˹� ��ͺ����ͧ
glow
(v) ���ͧ�ʧ
merchandise
(n) �Թ���
minor
(n) �������� (�ѧ������عԵ�����)
one
after another (exp) ����
pass
away (v) ���
periodically
(adv) �繺ҧ���駺ҧ����
take
inventory (exp) �¡��¡��
wreck
(v) �����
Exercise:
Choose the best word to complete the sentence.
You may have to make some changes in the form of the word.
1. I always ������� late with my mom and watch movies.
2.
After suffering from health
problems for many years, Dana ��������� last night.
3.
Meetings are held ���������..
to review the teaching materials.
4.
In order to determine exactly
how many books in the library, librarians need to ���������...
5.
The garden was �������.. in a
tornado.
6.
What kind of ��������� does
Central Department Store sell?
7.
�������.. are not allowed to purchase
cigarettes in Thailand.
8.
The instruments ������� softly
in the darkness.
9.
The only �������� in his
character is short-tempered.
10. The students came to the front of the classroom, ����������.., to
tell their stories to the class.
Answer Key
Choose the best word to complete the
sentence. You may have to make some changes in the form of the word.
1. I always stay up late with my mom and watch movies.
2.
After suffering from health
problems for many years, Dana passed away last night.
3.
Meetings are held periodically
to review the teaching materials.
4.
In order to determine exactly
how many books in the library, librarians need to take inventory.
5.
The garden was wrecked
in a tornado.
6.
What kind of merchandise
does Central Department Store sell?
7.
Minors are not allowed to purchase cigarettes in Thailand.
8.
The instruments glowed
softly in the darkness.
9.
The only flaw in
his character is short-tempered.
10. The students came to the front of the classroom, one after
another, to tell their stories to the class.